When Your Backup Power Fails You: Understanding Automatic Transfer Switch Problems and How to Fix Them
Your standby generator is only as reliable as the automatic transfer switch (ATS) that controls it. When power outages strike, Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS) are essential for ensuring reliable backup power by automatically switching the power source from the utility to a generator in the event of a power outage. However, like any mechanical or electrical device, ATS units can face issues over time. Understanding common problems and their solutions can save you from being left powerless when you need backup electricity most.
What Is an Automatic Transfer Switch?
In a nutshell, the transfer switch is an electric device that essentially makes sure that at any particular time, the load circuit is connected with either the main power source or the backup power source (the generator); so that any kind of direct connection between those two power sources can be prevented. Automatic Transfer Switch or ATS, as is evident from the name as well, is an automated unit with a dedicated control unit. The control unit, when it detects that the primary power source has failed, will signal the backup power source to start. And, once the backup power source comes to life, it will switch the load circuit from the main power grid to the backup power source.
Most Common Automatic Transfer Switch Problems
1. Tripped Circuit Breakers
A power surge within the equipment can trip the circuit breaker that powers the automatic transfer switch. In the absence of power supply, the automatic power transfer switch cannot operate or trigger the emergency power supply system. This malfunction is the most common problem and should always be one of the first considerations during a breakdown.
Solution: Start by resetting any breakers. If the battery or wiring is the issue, it may need replacement or repair by a qualified technician.
2. Controller Malfunctions
The controller is the centerpiece of an automatic transfer switch unit and plays a key role in switching between the primary and backup power sources. So, obviously… if something goes wrong with the controller, the ATS will malfunction. When a power outage occurs, a damaged automatic changeover switch controller may send inappropriate or unreasonable signals to the generator. The system may not be able to trigger a power transfer or trigger a change when it is not needed.
Solution: A professional technician will be able to tell you what to do with a faulty controller. Repair or reprogram it if possible. If the damage is beyond repair, replacing the faulty controller will do the trick.
3. Loose or Corroded Connections
Loose or corroded connections can disrupt the electrical flow, causing erratic performance or complete failure of the ATS. Poor connections are also a potential safety hazard due to overheating and sparking.
Solution: During scheduled maintenance, check and tighten all electrical connections. This simple step can prevent loose connections from developing into costly repairs or dangerous situations. Corrosion can accumulate around terminals, especially in humid environments. Clean any signs of corrosion with approved electrical cleaning solutions and apply an anti-corrosion sealant if necessary.
4. Damaged Wiring
When cables are damaged, improperly connected, or too aged, they cannot connect properly. Partially connected wires may provide interrupted power supply, often failing in the connection. This poor connection can also cause serious and irreversible damage to switches, generators and the entire emergency energy system.
Solution: Regular inspection and replacement of damaged wiring by qualified technicians is essential for preventing these issues.
5. Mechanical Component Wear
Over time, components in an ATS, such as relays, switches, and motors, may wear out. Dust, moisture, or lack of lubrication can also impact the functionality of these moving parts, leading to mechanical failure.
Solution: Schedule routine inspections to check for worn components or any signs of dust buildup, corrosion, or inadequate lubrication. Dust and grime buildup can affect ATS performance. Regular cleaning is essential. Ensure smooth operation by lubricating moving parts (e.g., manual transfer switch). Follow manufacturer guidelines for the proper lubricant.
6. Environmental Damage
Water is the biggest enemy of anything powered by electricity and ATS is no exception. If somehow water enters the ATS, it will battle with all sorts of electrical problems. The accumulation of dust and dirt can also cause damage to the ATS. Rodents, if somehow get into the ATS, can damage vital components.
Solution: Ensure proper enclosure protection and regular cleaning to prevent environmental damage.
When to Call Professional Help
While some basic troubleshooting can be performed by homeowners, Important safety note – when opening the transfer switch cabinet, a full suit of PPE is required. If you or your team are not confident in the appropriate safety measures to implement during routine generator maintenance, we strongly recommend consulting a professional.
For residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, Generator Repair Orange County, NC professionals at Electrical Service Providers (ESP) have been serving the community since 2002. Customer satisfaction is important to us. We want you to speak directly to a service representative and not an answering machine. Your problem may seem small, but at Electrical Service Providers, Inc., it will always receive the attention that it deserves. Electrical Service Providers specializes in electrician services for customers in Burlington NC and surrounding communities.
Preventive Maintenance: Your Best Defense
Performing regular maintenance helps identify small issues before they become larger, more expensive problems. Routine checks, like tightening electrical contacts or cleaning moving parts, can prevent major malfunctions. Key maintenance tasks include:
- Voltage checks: Ensure the ATS operates within the correct range. Transfer tests: Simulate power outages to verify proper switching from utility to generator.
- Set up a regular exercise schedule for your ATS in conjunction with the generator’s testing schedule. This exercise should simulate a power outage scenario, allowing the ATS to switch to generator power and then back to utility power when the test is complete.
- Check for loose connections, discoloration, or signs of overheating. Address issues immediately to prevent further damage.
The Cost of Neglect
Automatic transfer switch issues can cause your generator to become useless because there is no way to get power to the facility when you need it. Neglecting regular checks can lead to unexpected failures, especially during critical moments when uninterrupted power is needed.
By staying on top of maintenance, you can reduce the risk of power disruptions, improve the lifespan of the ATS, and avoid costly repairs. Preventive maintenance is always easier—and cheaper—than emergency repairs.
Conclusion
Your automatic transfer switch is a critical component that ensures your backup generator functions when you need it most. By identifying potential problems early, you can reduce downtime, extend the lifespan of your ATS, and ultimately safeguard the resilience of your power backup system. Consider partnering with a reliable service provider for scheduled maintenance, as trained professionals can often spot and address issues before they escalate.
Don’t wait for a power outage to discover your ATS isn’t working properly. Regular maintenance and professional service ensure that when the lights go out, your backup power system will be ready to keep you running smoothly.